Extend Upload API for resumable downloads

Summary

Related to #24. This MR changes the way how files are uploaded. The files to be uploaded are merely registered with the server, which responds with URLs, to which the files are supposed to be transmitted using the specified LinkAhead File Upload Protocol Version. This enables using the TUS protocol for uploading files via HTTPS.

Focus

• The file transmission API is split from the entity API into its own proto file (v1alpha). The entity API version is incremented to v2alpha1 (v2alpha1 is currently identical to v1 but lacking the file transmission API).
• The main changes to the file transmission API are in commit 014805af

There are two open questions where a decision should be made (marked in the proto files with TODO)

1. The FileInformation message in the file transmission API is very similar to the FileDescriptor message in the entity API with the difference that it has no relation to an entity and is purely filesystem-oriented. Maybe we should re-use FileInformation s part of the entity API?
2. Checksum and ChecksumAlgorithm of the file transmission API are very similar to the Hash message in the entity API. We should discuss if and how they can be merged.

Test Environment

How to set up a test environment for manual testing?

Check List for the Author

Please, prepare your MR for a review. Be sure to write a summary and a focus and create gitlab comments for the reviewer. They should guide the reviewer through the changes, explain your changes and also point out open questions. For further good practices have a look at our review guidelines

• All automated tests pass
• Reference related issues
• Up-to-date CHANGELOG.md (or not necessary)
• Up-to-date JSON schema (or not necessary)
• Appropriate user and developer documentation (or not necessary)
  • How do I use the software? Assume "stupid" users.
  • How do I develop or debug the software? Assume novice developers.
• Annotations in code (Gitlab comments)
  • Intent of new code
  • Problems with old code
  • Why this implementation?

Check List for the Reviewer

• I understand the intent of this MR
• All automated tests pass
• Up-to-date CHANGELOG.md (or not necessary)
• Appropriate user and developer documentation (or not necessary)
• The test environment setup works and the intended behavior is reproducible in the test environment
• In-code documentation and comments are up-to-date.
• Check: Are there specifications? Are they satisfied?

For further good practices have a look at our review guidelines.

assigned to @joschaschmiedt

added 4 commits

• 0c3b1de6 - Make new API alpha status and fix package problems
• b1c80b28 - Add new API to CMakeLists.txt
• 71379e9b - Fix missing comments for file transmission
• 550599e9 - Update buf linter -> 1.50.0

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added 1 commit

• 6ee5f7e8 - Add make src to quickly generate protobuf code

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added 1 commit

• 80ee2d29 - Revert buf.yaml to version v1beta1 until the CI/CD image is updated

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added 1 commit

• 7c09abfa - Remove buf.yaml options not compatible with CI pipeline

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added 1 commit

• 7287b83f - Revert buf.yaml option STANDARD->DEFAULT

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changed the description

requested review from @timm

assigned to @timm

added 1 commit

• 79d79b95 - Update CHANGELOG.md about resumable file upload API

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marked the checklist item Reference related issues as completed

marked the checklist item All automated tests pass as completed

marked the checklist item Up-to-date CHANGELOG.md (or not necessary) as completed