MAINT: Add support for Python 3.12 and experimental support for 3.13

Summary

For https://gitlab.indiscale.com/caosdb/internal/all/-/issues/2642. Adds support for 3.12 and experimental support for 3.13.

Focus

Same as before: 3.13 needs the rust-dependency fix for the time being; however, this is not sufficient since Pandas fails to build here. I suggest to leave it like this for now, it's allow_failure for a reason.

Test Environment

Pipelines.

Check List for the Author

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• All automated tests pass
• Reference related issues
• Up-to-date CHANGELOG.md (or not necessary)
• Up-to-date JSON schema (or not necessary)
• Appropriate user and developer documentation (or not necessary)
  • How do I use the software? Assume "stupid" users.
  • How do I develop or debug the software? Assume novice developers.
• Annotations in code (Gitlab comments)
  • Intent of new code
  • Problems with old code
  • Why this implementation?

Check List for the Reviewer

• I understand the intent of this MR
• All automated tests pass
• Up-to-date CHANGELOG.md (or not necessary)
• Appropriate user and developer documentation (or not necessary)
• The test environment setup works and the intended behavior is reproducible in the test environment
• In-code documentation and comments are up-to-date.
• Check: Are there specifications? Are they satisfied?

For further good practices have a look at our review guidelines.

assigned to @florian

marked the checklist item Up-to-date CHANGELOG.md (or not necessary) as completed

marked the checklist item Up-to-date JSON schema (or not necessary) as completed

marked the checklist item Reference related issues as completed

marked the checklist item Appropriate user and developer documentation (or not necessary) as completed

added 1 commit

• 233e50a9 - PIPELINE: Add rust dependencies for 3.13

Compare with previous version

added 1 commit

• 2489be25 - PIPELINE: Add meson dependencies

Compare with previous version

changed the description

marked the checklist item Annotations in code (Gitlab comments) as completed

marked the checklist item All automated tests pass as completed

deleted the f-remove-python37 branch. This merge request now targets the dev branch

mentioned in commit a36c3319

merged