ENH: Implement queries and entity retrieval

Summary

See https://gitlab.indiscale.com/caosdb/customers/lfpb/management/-/issues/386.

Focus

Point the reviewer to the core of the code change. Where should they start
reading? What should they focus on (e.g. security, performance,
maintainability, user-friendliness, compliance with the specs, finding more
corner cases, concrete questions)?

Test Environment

How to set up a test environment for manual testing?

Check List for the Author

Please, prepare your MR for a review. Be sure to write a summary and a focus and create gitlab comments for the reviewer. They should guide the reviewer through the changes, explain your changes and also point out open questions. For further good practices have a look at our review guidelines

• All automated tests pass
• Reference related Issues
• Up-to-date CHANGELOG.md
• Annotations in code (Gitlab comments)
  • Intent of new code
  • Problems with old code
  • Why this implementation?

Check List for the Reviewer

• I understand the intent of this MR
• All automated tests pass
• Up-to-date CHANGELOG.md
• The test environment setup works and the intended behavior is reproducible in the test environment
• In-code documentation and comments are up-to-date.
• Check: Are there spezifications? Are they satisfied?

For further good practices have a look at our review guidelines.

.docker/caosdb_client.json

+{
+  "connections": {
+    "default": "julialib-unittest",
+    "julialib-unittest": {
+      "host": "caosdb-server",
+      "port": 8443,
+      "authentication": {
+        "type": "plain",
+        "username": "admin",
+        "password": "caosdb"
+      }
+    },
+    "local-caosdb": {
+      "host": "localhost",
+      "port": 8443,
+      "server_certificate_path": "some/path/cacert.pem",
+      "authentication": {
+        "type": "plain",
+        "username": "me",
+        "password": "secret!"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "extension": {
+    "this is my": "special option"
+  }
+}