ENH: Add retrieval and queries to Extern C interface

Summary

See https://gitlab.indiscale.com/caosdb/customers/lfpb/management/-/issues/411. Extends the Extern C interface by retrieving single and multiple entities and executing queries.

Focus

There is a lot of repetitive new code for create, delete, set, and get functions in ccaosdb.cpp. Some aspects of the c++ objects of Entities, Parents, and Propeties had to be changed in order to comply with the C interface, mainly because of memory management.

The most important new parts is that entities, transactions, properties and parents can now be created and deleted via the C interface, and that their properties can be set and gotten.

Test Environment

In principle, unit tests should be sufficient. Check whether you are content with the extent of the tests. Queries and retrievals are checked in the integration tests.

Check List for the Author

Please, prepare your MR for a review. Be sure to write a summary and a focus and create gitlab comments for the reviewer. They should guide the reviewer through the changes, explain your changes and also point out open questions. For further good practices have a look at our review guidelines

• All automated tests pass
• Reference related Issues
• [ ] Up-to-date CHANGELOG.md
• Annotations in code (Gitlab comments)
  • Intent of new code
  • Problems with old code
  • Why this implementation?

Check List for the Reviewer

• I understand the intent of this MR
• All automated tests pass
• [ ] Up-to-date CHANGELOG.md
• The test environment setup works and the intended behavior is reproducible in the test environment
• In-code documentation and comments are up-to-date.
• Check: Are there specifications? Are they satisfied?

For further good practices have a look at our review guidelines.

include/caosdb/transaction.h

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 #include <iterator>
 // IWYU pragma: no_include <ext/alloc_traits.h>
 #include <memory> // for shared_ptr, unique_ptr
-#include <stdexcept>
 #include <string> // for string
 #include <vector> // for vector
 
@@ -179,8 +178,9 @@ class ResultSet {
 
 public:
   virtual ~ResultSet() = default;
-  [[nodiscard]] virtual auto Size() const noexcept -> int = 0;
-  [[nodiscard]] virtual auto At(const int index) const -> const Entity & = 0;
+  [[nodiscard]] virtual auto size() const noexcept -> int = 0;
+  [[nodiscard]] virtual auto at(const int index) const -> const Entity & = 0;
+  [[nodiscard]] virtual auto mutable_at(int index) const -> Entity * = 0;
   auto begin() const -> iterator;
   auto end() const -> iterator;
 
@@ -201,49 +201,22 @@ private:
 
 /**
  * Container with results of a transaction.
- *
- * In contrast to UniqueResult, this one can also hold multiple entities or zero
- * entities.
  */
 class MultiResultSet : public ResultSet {
 public:
   ~MultiResultSet() = default;
   explicit MultiResultSet(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Entity>> result_set);
-  [[nodiscard]] inline auto Size() const noexcept -> int override {
+  [[nodiscard]] inline auto size() const noexcept -> int override {
     return this->entities.size();
   }
-  [[nodiscard]] inline auto At(const int index) const
+  [[nodiscard]] inline auto at(const int index) const
     -> const Entity & override {
     return *(this->entities.at(index));
   }
-  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Entity>> entities;
-};
-
-/**
- * Container with the single result of a transaction.
- *
- * In contrast to MultiResultSet, this one guarantees to hold exactly one
- * entity.
- */
-class UniqueResult : public ResultSet {
-public:
-  ~UniqueResult() = default;
-  explicit inline UniqueResult(ProtoEntity *protoEntity)
-    : entity(new Entity(protoEntity)){};
-  explicit inline UniqueResult(IdResponse *idResponse)
-    : entity(new Entity(idResponse)){};
-  [[nodiscard]] auto GetEntity() const -> const Entity &;
-  [[nodiscard]] inline auto Size() const noexcept -> int override { return 1; }
-  [[nodiscard]] inline auto At(const int index) const
-    -> const Entity & override {
-    if (index != 0) {
-      throw std::out_of_range("Index out of range. Length is 1.");
-    }
-    return *(this->entity);
+  [[nodiscard]] inline auto mutable_at(int index) const -> Entity * override {
+    return this->entities.at(index).get();
   }
-
-private:
-  std::unique_ptr<Entity> entity;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Entity>> entities;
 };
 
 /**